課程資訊
課程名稱
 語用學
Pragmatics 
開課學期
 111-2 
授課對象
 學程  神經生物與認知科學學程  
授課教師
 蘇以文 
課號
 LING7302 
課程識別碼
 142 M0420 
班次
  
學分
 3.0 
全/半年
 半年 
必/選修
 選修 
上課時間
 星期二2,3,4(9:10~12:10) 
上課地點
 樂學館304 
備註
 9:30開始上課。歡迎大學部同學修習。
總人數上限：12人 
  
課程簡介影片
 
核心能力關聯
 核心能力與課程規劃關聯圖
課程大綱
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課程概述

Pragmatics is a subfield of linguistics, the study of language, that focuses on implied and inferred meanings. This course will present pragmatics within an overall program for studying language as a communication system. We deal mainly with the extent to which language interpretation and production depends on language users’ reflexive assumptions and inferences about each other. Pragmatics is the study we rely on to elucidate the relevant assumptions and the logic of the inferences. The domain of pragmatics relates to undertakings in all disciplines that contribute to cognitive science. 

課程目標
 The students may have, via systematic introduction to pragmatics, a greater understanding of the factors that influence a speaker’s choice to say something the way he does, and a hearer’s interpretation of what has been said and what was meant by it. We will present in this course issues related to the negotiation of interpretation and roles that characterizes pragmatics, with an aim to gain a better understanding of how humans communication works. During the course, we would look at the ways people actually use language in relation to context, and provide a reasonable account of why people say a particular thing on a particular occasion; what people are trying to do with their language; and how people cooperate in conversation. We would also briefly introduce the application of pragmatics to different modes of communication as well as to language teaching and learning. 
課程要求
 1. Class participation
2. Oral reports
3. Assignments
4. Final paper or project 
預期每週課後學習時數
  
Office Hours
 另約時間 備註： By appointment only. 
指定閱讀
 TBA. 
參考書目
 Abbott, B. (2006). Definiteness and indefiniteness. In L. R. Horn & G. Ward (Eds.),
The handbook of pragmatics (pp. 122-149). Oxford: Blackwell.
Ariel, M. (2010). Defining pragmatics (pp. 1-22). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Atlas, J. D. (2006). Presupposition. In L. R. Horn & G. Ward (Eds.), The handbook of
pragmatics (pp. 29-52). Oxford: Blackwell.
Black, E. (2006). Pragmatic stylistics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language use.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Original work published 1978)
Burgers, C., Konijn, E. A., & Steen, G. J. (2016). Figurative framing: Shaping public
discourse through metaphor, hyperbole, and irony. Communication Theory,
26(4), 410-430.
Camp, E. (2017). Why metaphors make good insults: Perspectives, presupposition,
and pragmatics. Philosophical Studies, 174, 47-64.
Carassa, A., & Colombetti, M. (2009). Joint meaning. Journal of Pragmatics, 41(9),
1837-1854.
Carlson, G. (2006). Reference. In L. R. Horn & G. Ward (Eds.), The handbook of
pragmatics (pp. 74-96). Oxford: Blackwell.
Carston, R. (2018). Figurative language, mental imagery, and pragmatics. Metaphor
and Symbol, 33(3), 198-217.
Carston, R., & Wearing, C. (2011). Metaphor, hyperbole and simile: A pragmatic
approach. Language and Cognition, 3(2), 283-312.
Coulson, S., & Oakley, T. (2022). Blending and coded meaning: Literal and figurative
meaning in cognitive semantics. Journal of Pragmatics, 37(10), 1510-1536.
De Saussure, L. (2012). Cognitive pragmatics ways into discourse analysis: The case
of discursive presuppositions. Łodz Papers in Pragmatics, 8(1), 37-59.
Dews, S., Kaplan, J., & Winner, E. (1995). Why not say it directly? The social
function of irony. Discourse Processes, 19, 347-367.
Dews, S., & Winner, E. (1995). Muting the meaning: A social function of irony.
Metaphor and Symbolic Activity, 10(1), 3-19.
Dynel, M. (2016a). Comparing and combining covert and overt untruthfulness: On
lying, deception, irony and metaphor. Pragmatics & Cognition, 23(1), 174-208.
Dynel, M. (2016b). Two layers of overt untruthfulness: When irony meets metaphor,
hyperbole or meiosis. Pragmatics & Cognition, 23(2), 259-283.
Goldberg, A. (2006). Pragmatics and argument structure. In L. R. Horn & G. Ward
(Eds.), The handbook of pragmatics (pp. 428-441). Oxford: Blackwell.
Green, G. M. (2006). Some interactions of pragmatics and grammar. In L. R. Horn &
G. Ward (Eds.), The handbook of pragmatics (pp. 407-426). Oxford: Blackwell.
Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and Conversation. In P. Cole, & J. L. Morgan. (Eds.),
Syntax and Semantics, Vol. 3, Speech Acts (pp. 41-58). New York: Academic
Press.
Hsiao, C.-H., & Su, L. I.-W. (2009). Metaphor and hyperbolic expressions of emotion
in Mandarin Chinese conversation. Journal of Pragmatics, 42(5), 1380-1396.
Horn, L. R. (2006). Implicature. In L. R. Horn & G. Ward (Eds.), The handbook of
pragmatics (pp. 3-28). Oxford: Blackwell.
Kecskes, I. (2008). Dueling contexts: A dynamic model of meaning. Journal of
Pragmatics, 40, 385-406.
Kecskes, I. (2014). Intercultural pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Levinson, S. C. (1983). Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Levinson, S. C. (2006). Deixis. In L. R. Horn & G. Ward (Eds.), The handbook of
pragmatics (pp. 97-121). Oxford: Blackwell.
McCarthy, M., & Carter, R. (2004). “There’s millions of them”: Hyperbole in
everyday conversation. Journal of Pragmatics, 36, 149-184.
Mey, J. L. (2001). Pragmatics: An introduction (2nd ed.). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Mey, J. L. (2007). Developing pragmatics interculturally. In I. Kecskes & L. R. Horn
(Eds.), Explorations in pragmatics: Linguistic, cognitive and intercultural
aspects (pp. 165-198). Berlin: de Gruyter Mouton.
Meyers Roy, A. (1981). The function of irony in discourse. Text-Interdisciplinary
Journal for the Study of Discourse, 1(4), 407-423.
Morgan, J. L. (1978). Two types of convention in indirect speech acts. In P. Cole
(Ed.), Syntax and semantics, Volume 9 (pp. 261-280). Leiden: Brill.
DOI:10.1163/9789004368873_010
Mugford, G. (2018). Critical intercultural impoliteness: “Where are you located? Can
you transfer me to someone who is American?” Journal of Pragmatics, 134,
173-182.
Neuhaus, L. (2016). On the relation of irony, understatement, and litotes. Pragmatics
& Cognition, 23(1), 117-149.
Padilla Cruz, M. (2022). Is free enrichment always free? Revisiting ad-hoc concept
construction. Journal of Pragmatics, 187, 130-143.
Partington, A. (2011). Phrasal irony: Its form, function and exploitation. Journal of
Pragmatics, 43, 1786-1800.
Pérez-Llantada, C. (2003). Social pragmatics in technical writing: A corpus-based
analysis of thematic articles. Iberica, 5, 19-34.
Recanti, F. (2006). Pragmatics and semantics. In L. R. Horn & G. Ward (Eds.), The
handbook of pragmatics (pp. 442-462). Oxford: Blackwell.
Sadock, J. (2006). Speech acts. In L. R. Horn & G. Ward (Eds.), The handbook of
pragmatics (pp. 53-73). Oxford: Blackwell.
Searle, J. (2001). How performatives work. In D. Vanderveken & S. Kubo (Eds.),
Essays in speech act theory (pp. 85-107). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Sperber, D., & wilson, D. (1995). Relevance: Communication and cognition. Oxford:
Blackwell. (Original work published 1986)
Sperber, D., & Wilson, D. (2002). Pragmatics, modularity and mindreading. Mind &
Language, 17, 3-23.
Walton, K. (2017). Meiosis, hyperbole, irony. Philosophical Studies, 174(1), 105-120.
Wilson, D., Carston, R. (2006). Metaphor, relevance and the ‘emergent property’
issue. Mind & Language, 21(3), 404-433.
Wilson, D., & Carston, R. (2019). Pragmatics and the challenge of ‘non-propositional’
effects. Journal of Pragmatics, 145, 31-38.
Wilson, D., & Sperber, D. (2006). Relevance Theory. In L. R. Horn & G. Ward (Eds.),
The handbook of pragmatics (pp. 607-632). Oxford: Blackwell. 
評量方式
(僅供參考)
    
課程進度
週次
日期
單元主題
Week 1
 02/21  [Introduction: Scope and Definition of Pragmatics]

1. Chapters 1-3 (Levinson, 1983)
2. Defining pragmatics (Ariel, 2010, pp. 1-22)
3. Relevance Theory (Wilson & Sperber, 2006)
4. Logic and conversation (Grice, 1975, pp. 41-58)
5. Context (Jacobs Mey, 1993) 
Week 2
 02/28  Holiday 
Week 3
 03/07  [Types of Inference: Entailment, Presupposition, and Implicature]

1. Inference and implicature (Michael Haugh 2012)
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal0535
2. Presupposition (Atlas, 2006) 
Week 4
 03/14  [Reference and Deixis]

1. Deixis (Levinson, 2006)
2. Definiteness and indefiniteness (Abbott, 2006)  
Week 5
 03/21  [Speech Acts and Performative]

1. Two types of convention in indirect speech acts (Morgan, 1978)
2. How performatives work (Searle, 2001) 
Week 6
 03/28  [Pragmatics and Metaphor]

1. Figurative language, mental imagery, and pragmatics (Carston, 2018)
2. Why metaphors make good insults: Perspectives, presupposition, and pragmatics (Camp,
2017)  
Week 7
 04/04  Holliday 
Week 8
 04/11  [Pragmatics and Hyperbole]

1. Metaphor and hyperbolic expressions of emotion in Mandarin Chinese
conversation (Hsiao & Su, 2009).
2. “There’s millions of them”: Hyperbole in everyday conversation (McCarthy &
Carter, 2004)  
Week 9
 04/18  [Pragmatics and Irony] (tentative)

1. Comparing and combining covert and overt untruthfulness: On lying , deception, irony and
metaphor (Dynel, 2016a)
2. Figurative farming: Shaping public discourse through metaphor, hyperbole, and
irony (Burgers et al., 2016)
3. Meiosis, hyperbole, irony (Walton, 2017)
4. On the relation of irony, understatement, and litotes (Neuhaus, 2016)
5. Two layers of overt untruthfulness: When irony meets metaphor, hyperbole or meiosis
(Dynel, 2016b) 
Week 10
 04/25  [Functions of Irony] (tentative)

1. Muting the meaning: A social function of irony (Dews & Winner, 1995)
2. Why not say it directly? The social functions of irony (Dews et al., 1995)
3. Phrasal irony: Its form, function and exploitation (Partington, 2011)
4. The function of irony in discourse (Meyers Roy, 1981) 
Week 11
 05/02  [Pragmatics, Syntax, Semantics, and Semiotics]

1. Pragmatics and semantics (Recanati, 2006)
2. Some interactions of pragmatics and grammar (Green, 2006) 
Week 12
 05/09  [Pragmatics, Style, and Writing] (stylistics and rhetoric)

1. Pragmatic stylistics (Black, 2006, pp. 2-16)
2. Social pragmatics in technical writing: A corpus-based analysis of thematic articles (Pérez-Llantada, 2003) 
Week 13
 05/16  [Intercultural Pragmatics]

1. Intercultural pragmatics (Kecskes, 2014, pp. 81-104)
2. Politeness (Brown & Levinson, 1978/1987, pp. 61-83) 
Week 14
 05/23  [Construction of Meaning: Cognitive Pragmatics] (tentative)

1. Blending and coded meaning: Literal and figurative meanig in cognitive
semantics (Coulson & Oakley, 2020)
2. Cognitive pragmatics ways into discourse analysis: The case of discursive
presuppositions (de Saussure, 2012)
3. Language: Mirror of the mind (Dascal, 1983) [Optional]
4, LANGUAGE AS A MIRROR OF THE WORLD (Wittgenstein and Rorty)  
Week 15
 05/30  Oral Presentation